3.10_IT_systems_in_organizations


 * The role and need for IT in organizations
 * Organizational IT policies
 * IT personnel and organizational structure: for example, information system (IS) managers, support staff, network manager, database administrator
 * Development personnel: for example, manager, programmer, analyst, project manager

• Analysis of current situation • Organizational requirements • Methods of data collection: questionnaires, interviews, observation, literature searches • Feasibility study • Identification of possible IT solutions • Requirements specification • Justification of preferred IT solution • Project plan (who, why, what, when and how part of the project) • Project goals, scope and constraints, such as financial, time, technical, human-resource-related, risks, communication, procurement, quality • Project initiation document • Design considerations • Inputs, data structure, processes, outputs, user interface • Prototyping • Development of the IT solution • Initial testing, alpha testing • Quality assurance and quality control • Implementation • Training and support of staff, documentation to support the new IT system • Changeover methods: direct, phased and parallel running • Beta testing • Maintenance • Phase out
 * The system development life cycle (SDLC)**

Project management issues • Need for project management • Development methodologies: agile development and waterfall development • Project management methodologies: for example, PRINCE2 (projects in controlled environments 2), SSADM (structured systems analysis and design method), PMBoK (project management body of knowledge), CMMI (capability maturity model integration) • Iteration • Time constraints, tasks, resources and milestones; Gantt and Pert charts • Modelling systems: for example, entities, entity relationship diagrams (ERD), data flow diagrams • Maintenance of legacy systems • System support: for example, internal support, maintenance contract • Incident management and escalation